Thyroid gland, located in the neck region is one of the most important endocrine glands in the body. It produces thyroxin, a hormone vital for the normal functioning of numerous organs. Any degenerative changes, damages or injury to the thyroid gland can have severe repercussions on the overall body’s metabolism.

The symptoms and causes for thyroid malfunctioning are varied and complex. Listed below are a few symptoms:

• Abnormal Weight Changes: The person suffering from thyroid irregularities can put on weight drastically without changing his/her dietary pattern. In hypothyroidism, the person may end up gaining weight for absolutely no reason. An unusual drop or rise in weight can be a sign of thyroid malfunctioning.
• Muscle Cramps: Joint pain and muscle cramps are observed. The person may suffer from carpel tunnel syndrome.
• Tiredness: The person feels very tired and lethargic even when he/she does not perform any work. Tiredness even after a sound sleep for eight to ten hours should be a cause of concern.
• Degenerative Changes of the Hair and Skin: Hypothyroidism has a direct effect on hair. A sudden hair loss, brittle and dry hair that easily breaks off could be due to decreased thyroxin levels in the body. The skin looks dry and scaly.
• Gastrointestinal Problems: Diarrhea and constipation are symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism respectively.
• Neck Enlargement: This is one of the easiest ways to detect hypothyroidism. In an effort to produce more thyroxin, the body causes rapid multiplication of thyroid gland cells. This causes swelling and inflammation in the neck region.
• Genetic causes, an increased cholesterol level, stress, tension, anxiety and depression can also lead to thyroid abnormalities.

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