A sudden blow to the head or body leads to a brain injury called concussion. The blow shakes the brain inside the skull which temporarily prevents the brain from working normally. Some lose consciousness for some time. Most people recover from concussions within a few hours or weeks.

A very small percentage of people have serious problems with concussion. A severe concussion may require surgery or lead to lasting problems with movement, learning or speaking.

What causes concussion? The brain is a soft organ surrounded by spinal fluid and protected by the skull. The fluid acts as a cushion and prevents the brain from banging into the skull which can happen when your head or body is hit hard. The brain then temporarily does not work normally.

There are many ways to get a concussion. Fights, falls, car crashes, bike accidents and playground injuries can take place. Concussion can also occur while participating in contact and high-speed sports as hockey, skiing, boxing, soccer or football.

How can I prevent concussion? Many cases are prevented by using the right type of protective equipment. Seat belts and air bags should be used in automobiles. This prevents being thrown about in an accident. Helmets should be used when bicycling, skiing or horse back riding. Playground equipment should be under laid with soft material like sand.

The value of high-contact sports such as hockey, football and boxing should be weighed against the danger of brain injury especially in children. A judicious balance is required.

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