A change in mental status caused by shock is called concussion. Confusion, loss of memory, and sometimes loss of consciousness take place. A concussion takes place when the head hits or is hit by an object. It can also take place when the brain is pushed against the skull with great force. Here parts of the brain that control brain function get damaged.

Major causes of concussion are motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. In the former, concussion can take place without an actual blow to the head. Concussion occurs when the vehicle starts or stops suddenly. What happens is, the brain is pushed strongly against the skull. Football, hockey and boxing are other causes of frequent concussion incidents. Other causes are collisions, falls or injuries from bicycling, horseback riding, soccer and skiing.

The following are the symptoms of concussion.

1. Headache
2. Dizziness.
3. Speech that is difficult to follow.
4. Disorientation as to time, date and place
5. Lack of coordination or weakness
6. Double vision
7. Vacant stare or confused look
8. Nausea
9. Double vision
10. Loss of memory of events preceding the blow

Some symptoms of concussion are not apparent until days later. These are:

1. Memory or concentration problems
2. Sleep disturbances
3. Depression
4. Irritability
5. Sensitivity to light and noise

Head trauma is very common in children. Infants and toddlers cannot really communicate how they feel. Hence, nonverbal clues are important. These are:

1. Listlessness and tiring easily.
2. Change in eating or sleeping patterns
3. Irritability and crankiness
4. Loss of balance and unsteady walking
5. Lack of interest in favorite toys

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