Parkinson’s disease was first founded by Dr. James Parkinson of London who was a physician that described the neurological disease in year 1817. The disease was found affecting a small part of brain called substantia nigra where the neurons/cells in brain start deteriorating, thus, causing the reduction in production of an important chemical called as dopamine.

This chemical dopamine functions in performing activities guided by brain. Thus the reduction in the chemical results in symptoms like slowing down of movement, trembling of hands, stiffness in muscles and loss of balance. The other symptoms that may be observed are difficulty in swallowing, soft voice, speech clarity, and change in handwriting, constipation problems, dry skin, problems with urination, and depression. These Parkinson’s disease symptoms are more often referred as secondary symptoms. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive one that deteriorates the patient’s health with time and symptoms get more worsen.

Parkinson’s disease is divided into two categories the primary and secondary Parkinson’s disease. The primary Parkinson’s disease comprises of rigidity; that causes stiffness in muscles, joints and limbs; bradykinesia causes slowness of body movements in sitting down, walking and standing up; tremor causes shaking of limbs, head, mouth, tongue and entire body; and postural instability causes poor balance and coordination that could lead to falls sometimes.

The actions in the deep of brain cause most of the major abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease. These structures inside the brain are like motor circuits that when functions correctly allow smooth, normal and controlled movement of brain. The substantia nigra as discussed forms a major part in brain but is smaller in size and when the neurons in this region start deteriorating they reduce the production of dopamine that causes abnormal behavior of the patient. This process is continuous and as the quantity of dopamine released is in less quantity it affects the other parts of the brain.          

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