As per the National Kidney Foundation, stage 3 of kidney failure denotes a mediocre level of decline in the normal functioning of the kidney. In medical examination terms, this stage is exemplified by a result of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as thirty to fifty-nine.

Kidney failure can be bifurcated into two broad categories of acute kidney failure and chronic kidney failure. Acute renal failure can be further categorized into pre-renal, renal and post-renal. The pre-renal reasons of kidney failure are extreme dehydration, heart attack, embolism in the lungs, liver failure, septic shock and obstruction in the renal artery.

The reasons for acute kidney failure are trauma to the kidney tubules, hemorrhage, surgery, immune disorders and ingestion of toxins. Lastly, the post renal causes of kidney failure are obstruction in the bladder, obstruction in the ureter, being born with congenital defects of the kidneys. When acute kidney failure is not deciphered at the right stage or treated appropriately, the disease graduates to the next level signified by chronic kidney disease. The causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes, elevated blood pressure, certain chronic diseases, autoimmune disorders, trauma to the parts of the kidneys, polycystic kidney disease and kidney infection.

The consequences of kidney failure are rather damaging to the body. With the increase in the severity of the condition, the potential of the kidneys decline. The organ is no more capable of filtering wastes from the body or regulating the level of fluids in the body.

While the symptoms of a diseased kidney may not be so pronounced during stages 1 and 2 of the disease, the same are quite evident at stage 3. Indications of the disease at this stage include kidney pain, fatigue, swelling of the lower legs, foamy urine, blood in the urine, difficulty in sleeping, nausea, vomiting, itching, and feelings of malaise and illness. Treatment at this stage mainly focuses towards the preservation of the present condition of the organ. Restrictions need to be imposed on the patient’s diet especially with respect to the consumption of foods rich in sodium and potassium.

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