Color of the eye depends upon the type and amount of pigments present in the iris.

Due to this pigment, the eye color varies in humans and animals. Different people show different color like brown, blue, or green.The eye color is determined by the genetic composition. Multiple genes are responsible for the eye color. For example, EYCL1 gene, positioned on the chromosome 19 causes either green or blue color of the eye. Similarly, EYCL2 and EYCL3 genes are responsible for brown and blue or brown color respectively. Both the genes are located on chromosome 15.

In humans and animals, the structure and position of the gene is inherited generation after generation. This is the reason that children exhibit few characteristic features of their parent. But genes are influenced by the neighbor genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms occur, which is a small change in genes.

In the iris, three elements are present which determines the color. Epithelium, iris stroma and cellular density of the iris stroma constitute and contribute the iris. A black pigment, eumelanin, is contained in the iris, in the iris stroma. This pigment is present in all the colors of eye. The amount of pigment present in the iris is responsible for the varying color of the eye.

Blue color of the eye has reduced amount of melanin in the iris. However, number of genes also controls the inheritance of blue eye. At the same time, in 2008, scientists discovered that blue eye color was as a result of gene mutation.

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